Stow-on-the-Wold roofs, specifically
Why Stow roofs green up faster than almost anywhere in the Cotswolds.
There's an old couplet about this town: "Stow-on-the-Wold, where the wind blows cold." It's etched on the wall of St Edward's Hall in the Market Square, and it tells you everything you need to know about why roofs up here struggle. Stow is the highest town in the Cotswolds, standing 800 feet up on the top of an open hill where eight roads meet, with the Roman Fosse Way running through. Down in the sheltered valleys of Bourton or the Swells the weather passes over; up on the wold it sits. Wind, cloud and damp linger across the rooftops far longer than they do lower down, and that constant moisture is the single biggest reason Stow roofs carry such heavy growth.
Moss, lichen and gloeocapsa algae live on exactly one thing: damp. Stow's exposed hilltop, its long damp season and its tight market-town streets give them all of it. The shaded sides of the Square, the narrow medieval alleys the locals call "tures" — built deliberately narrow and winding to funnel sheep to market — and the north-facing pitches along Sheep Street and Digbeth Street barely see direct sun, so the slate never properly dries out. By the time someone calls us, a north-facing stone-slate pitch in the old town is usually a thick green-black mat sitting in the stone, with rust weeping off old valley metal and gutters packed with washed-down growth.
Then there's the material, and in Stow it matters more than anywhere. The town is built almost entirely from oolitic Jurassic limestone — honey-coloured ashlar walls and traditional Cotswold stone slate on the roofs, much of it on cottages dating back to when Stow grew rich on the medieval wool trade and the great sheep fairs. Genuine stone slate is porous and textured, split into thin pieces and laid in graded courses with hundreds of small slates and deep laps. Unlike a smooth modern tile it never really dries in a shaded position, so once moss takes hold it mats into the laps and stays there. Put a porous heritage roof on the most exposed, damp hilltop in the county and you get a roof that greens up faster than almost anything we see.
This is why method matters more here than equipment. You cannot pressure-wash a Cotswold stone-slate roof — the force splits the slates, strips the surface and drives water under the laps, and a cracked stone slate has to be replaced with a reclaimed one to match. So on Stow's heritage roofs we remove the moss by hand, working off a roof ladder that spreads the load, and then treat with biocide. It is slower than blasting a modern tile, but it's the only way to clean a stone roof without taking years off its life — and on a covering this costly and this protected, that's the whole point.
Not every roof in and around Stow is heritage stone, mind. On the newer Local-Plan housing toward the edges of the town, and out on the approaches off the A429, you'll find modern concrete interlocking tile and the odd Welsh-slate or plain-tile roof on later additions. Those are a different job — they can take a more robust clean where it suits — but on this hilltop they green up just as readily, so they get the same bulk-removal-then-biocide treatment so the result actually lasts. Whether it's a 17th-century stone cottage on the Square or a modern house on the town edge, the cause is the same hilltop damp, and so is the cure.